Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanorods and Nanowires on Cultivated Neural Precursor Cells

Abstract

Given the emergence of nanotherapeutics and nanodiagnostics as key tools in today's medicine, it has become of critical importance to define the interactions of nanomaterials with biological systems. The biomedical applications of nanoparticles (NPs) in chemical sensing, biological imaging, drug delivery, photothermal therapy and cancer treatment have been demonstrated. Gold NPs as new biomedical tools are the focus of research due to their ease of synthesis, chemical stability and unique optical properties. Therefore, there is a need to establish the toxicity, side effects and safety of gold NPs for human applications. To study the in vitro cytotoxicity of gold NPs, we performed MU assay using two types of gold NPs such as gold nanorods (GNRs) and gold nanowires (GNWs). The percentage cytotoxicity of damaged neural precursor cells (NPCs) that were treated with 100 mg GNRs was 97.5 (+/-) 3.9%; and proportion of damaged NPCs following the administration of the same dose of GNWs was 98.8 +/- 0.3%. The cytotoxicity of 10 mg GNRs in NPCs was 54.4 +/- 8.3%, whereas it was 98.7 +/- 0.6% for the same dose of GNWs. Then, to verify that gold NPs induced apoptotic cell death in NPCs, the LIVE/DEAD Viability/Cytotoxicity assay was performed. We observed that cell death of NPCs increased with an increase in quantity of both types of gold NPs. Cell viability assessed the overall dose-dependent toxicity of NPs in cultured cells. As the results suggest, this study demonstrated that treatment with gold NPs resulted in cellular toxicity in a dose-dependent manner in cultured NPCs.