Surface activation of graphene oxide nanosheets by ultraviolet irradiation for highly efficient anti-bacterials
- Authors
- Veerapandian, Murugan; Zhang, Linghe; Krishnamoorthy, Karthikeyan; Yun, Kyusik
- Issue Date
- 4-Oct-2013
- Publisher
- IOP PUBLISHING LTD
- Citation
- NANOTECHNOLOGY, v.24, no.39
- Journal Title
- NANOTECHNOLOGY
- Volume
- 24
- Number
- 39
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/14203
- DOI
- 10.1088/0957-4484/24/39/395706
- ISSN
- 0957-4484
- Abstract
- A comprehensive investigation of anti-bacterial properties of graphene oxide (GO) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiated GO nanosheets was carried out. Microscopic characterization revealed that the GO nanosheet-like structures had wavy features and wrinkles or thin grooves. Fundamental surface chemical states of GO nanosheets (before and after UV irradiation) were investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results revealed that UV irradiated GO nanosheets have more pronounced anti-bacterial behavior than GO nanosheets and standard antibiotic, kanamycin. The MIC of UV irradiated GO nanosheets was 0.125 mu g ml(-1) for Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, 0.25 mu g ml(-1) for Bacillus subtilis and 0.5 mu g ml(-1) for Enterococcus faecalis, ensuring its potential as an anti-infective agent for controlling the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The minimum bactericidal concentration of normal GO nanosheets was determined to be two-fold higher than its corresponding MIC value, indicating promising bactericidal activity. The mechanism of anti-bacterial action was evaluated by measuring the enzymatic activity of beta-D-galactosidase for the hydrolysis of o-nitrophenol-beta-D-galactopyranoside.
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