Does stopping at C7 in long posterior cervical fusion accelerate the symptomatic breakdown of cervicothoracic junction?

Abstract

Object To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between patients with long posterior cervical fusion (PCF) in which fusion stopped at C7 versus patients in which fusion crossed the cervicothoracic junction (CTJ). Methods The patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of the lower-most instrumented vertebra (LIV); C7 group patients (n = 25) and upper thoracic (UT) group (n = 21). We analyzed the visual analogue scale of arm/neck pain, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, and neck disability index (NDI). And we also measured the following parameters: (1) pseudomotion of fused segments; (2) C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis; (3) T1 slope; and (4) C2-C7 lordosis. Results Arm and neck pain were similar in both groups pre- and postoperatively. Interestingly, mean postoperative NDI score in the UT group was significant worse when compared with the C7 group (9.7 +/- 4.6 vs. 14.2 +/- 3.7, p = 0.006). Although UT patients had longer fusion levels, the fusion rates were not significantly different between the C7 and UT groups (96.0% vs. 90.5%; p = 0.577). The radiographic parameters did not show any significant differences between the groups at final follow-up. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that multi-level PCF stopping at C7 does not negatively affect C7-T1 segment failure, fusion rate, neck pain, neurologic outcomes, and global sagittal alignment of the cervical spine. Hence, it is unnecessary to extend the long PCF levels caudally across the healthy CTJ for fear of development of adjacent segmental disease (ASD) at the C7-T1 segment.