Hybrid Electrode Innovations in Triple and Quadruple Dimensions for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Hybrid electrodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) based on the dimensional combination of various nanomaterials have been widely investigated in recent years. This is an inevitable development trend that seeks to inherit and promote the remarkable achievements of the double designs for an ideal electrode in both performance and stability. However, a clear and in-depth understanding of the origin of the common progress trends, as well as the opportunities and challenges of such designs, are somewhat elusive due to the lack of detailed reviews of the field. Herein, we present a review of the hybrid electrodes arising from triple and quadruple combinational dimensions in LIB applications. The critical challenges of normal electrode operation are discussed in a detailed way to better understand how interactions and synergistic effects in hybrid design affect the mechanical aspects, electrochemical properties, performance and cycle life of batteries. Finally, the developments and innovations in future electrodes based on these higher-dimensional hybrid designs are presented.