『天理本狂言六義』에 나타나는 추량표현 - 조동사「べし」를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This study discusses usage patterns of べし in terms of its conjugational forms and semantic usages observed in “Tenribon Kyougenrikugi”, the late Middle Ages colloquial data, in order to clarify the process of change of べし. Results of the discussion are as follows. First, as for the conjugational forms, the Shuushikei べし shows the highest appearance followed by the Rentaikei べき and further by the Mizenkei べから. The Renyoukei べく and the Izenkei べけれ are not found. As the time passed, the frequency of the use of べし decreased, whereas べき increased. The increased use of べき was in particular deemed to be caused by the ‘unification of the Shuushikei and Rentaikei’, which began occurring from the late Middle Age. The current study also found two cases whereべき was used as Shuushikei instead of べし. Second, in terms of semantic usages, it was used in the order of [Suitability・Suggestion・Order] - [Guess], [Naturalness・ Necessity] - [Will] - [Possibility] - [Prohibition]. It is thought that [Suitability・Suggestion・Order] was used frequently for the reason that the script did not clearly differentiate dialogues and narratives, and it also described actions of performers and stage productions together within the overall scenario. Third, the main semantic usage of べからず was [Prohibition], and the semantic meaning of [Prohibition] was manifested only by べ からず. From this, it is deemed that the limited use of べからず for [Prohibition] continued to Modern Japanese while other meanings of べからず declined since the Middle Ages.