Highly stable functionalized cuprous oxide nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

Abstract

We report the synthesis and characterization of Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of the coordinating ligands like L-glutamic acid (Glu-Cu2O) and D-glucosamine (G1cN-Cu2O). Even if -NH2 group is common to both the ligands, L-glutamic acid is a straight chain compound containing additional two -COOH groups, whereas, glucosamine is a cyclic compound with additional four -OH groups and an ether (-O-) linkage. Thus the coordinating ligands are different in the nature of the functional groups as well as their molecular skeletons leading to cubic morphology (similar to 350 nm of average edge length) for L-glutamic acid coordinated Cu2O and spherical morphology (similar to 250 nm of average diameter) for glucosamine one as observed by Field Effective Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images. The observed band gap of Cu2O of 1.89 eV is decreased to 1.84 ev for both the ligated structures. Both the ligated cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles (NPs) were used for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene Blue (MB). The spherical GIcN-Cu2O showed 98% degradation of MB in 105 min and after 3 cycles of operation, the photocatalytic activity was enough for the 93% degradation of the dye, whereas, the cubic Gu-Cu2O could degrade MB up to 97% in 135 min and after three cycles, only 86% of the dye was degraded. This indicates, the molecular skeleton and functional groups on the ligand control the shape and size of the Cu2O nanoparticles as well as the photocatalytic efficiency and stability. It is presumed, the cyclic glucosamine ligand can protect the Cu2O nanoparticles from erosion during the degradation process.