Impact of Heart Rate Reduction with Maximal Tolerable Dose of Bisoprolol on Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling

Abstract

Background: We aimed to evaluate effect of heart rate (HR) reduction on left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) in Korean patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods: Ambulatory patients with HFrEF, who had paired echocardiograms, N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and global assessment score (GAS) at baseline and 6-month (n = 157), were followed up on preset treatment schedule with bisoprolol. Results: The LVRR occurred in 49 patients (32%) at 6-month. In multivariable analysis, independent predictors associated with LVRR were use of anti-aldosterone agent (odds ratio [OR], 4.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-9.71), young age (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99), high baseline HR (OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.40-10.10), and favorable baseline GAS (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.06-2.81). Beneficial effect of bisoprolol, in terms of LVRR, NT-proBNP, and GAS, was remarkable in the high HR group (baseline HR >= 75 beats per minute [bpm]), which showed a large HR reduction. Conclusion: High baseline HR (>= 75 bpm) showed an association with LVRR and improvement of NT-proBNP and GAS in patients with HFrEF. This seems to be due to a large HR reduction after treatments with bisoprolol.