Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Piper attenuatum Methanol Extract in LPS-Stimulated Inflammatory Responses
- Authors
- Kim, You Jin; Deok, Jeong; Kim, Sunggyu; Yoon, Deok Hyo; Sung, Gi-Ho; Aravinthan, Adithan; Lee, Seungihm; Lee, Mi-nam; Hong, Suntaek; Kim, Jong-Hoon; Son, Young-Jin; Cho, Jae Youl
- Issue Date
- Jul-2017
- Publisher
- HINDAWI LTD
- Citation
- EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE, v.2017
- Journal Title
- EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
- Volume
- 2017
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/7474
- DOI
- 10.1155/2017/4606459
- ISSN
- 1741-427X
- Abstract
- Piper attenuatum is used as a traditional medicinal plant in India. One of the substances in P. attenuatum has been suggested to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, there is insufficient research about the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of P. attenuatum. The effects of P. attenuatum methanol extract (Pa-ME) on the production of inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), the expression of proinflammatory genes, the translocation level of transcription factors, and intracellular signaling activities were investigated using macrophages. Pa-ME suppressed the production of NO and PGE(2) in lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-), pam3CSK4-, and poly(I:C)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells without displaying cytotoxicity. The mRNA expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were decreased by Pa-ME. P-ME reduced the translocation of p50/NF-kappa B and AP-1 (c-Jun and c-Fos), as well as the activity of their upstream enzymes Src, Syk, and TAK1. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed failure of binding between their substrates, phospho-(p-) p85 and p-MKK3/6. p-p85 and p-MKK3/6, which were induced by overexpression of Src, Syk, and TAK1, were also reduced by Pa-ME. Therefore, these results suggest that Pa-ME exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by targeting Src and Syk in the NF-kappa B signaling pathway and TAK1 in the AP-1 signaling pathway.
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