부모의 스트레스 요소들과 양육행동: 전이, 교차전이 및 보상가설 검증

Abstract

Objective: This study examined the dyadic relations between six parental stress factors (general stress, depression, marital satisfaction, marital conflict, family cohesion, family flexibility) and mothers’ and fathers’ parenting behaviors (warm parenting, controlling parenting). Methods: Participants included 1,435 mother—father dyads. The participants were parents of 6-year-old children. Multilevel modeling analyses were conducted using the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model. The relations between mothers and fathers were examined in terms of the spillover, crossover, and compensatory hypotheses. Results: Spillover was evident for general stress, depression, family cohesion, and family flexibility, as indicated by the negative actor effects of general stress and depression and by the positive actor effects of family cohesion and family flexibility on warm parenting behaviors. Crossover was evident for marital satisfaction and family flexibility. Marital satisfaction and family flexibility showed significantly positive partner effects on warm parenting behaviors. The compensatory hypothesis was supported in the case of marital conflict, as indicated by a positive partner effect between marital conflict and warm parenting behaviors. In addition, spillover hypotheses were supported for family cohesion and family flexibility as well as general stress. Positive actor effects on controlling parenting behaviors were found not only for general stress but also for family cohesion and family flexibility. Conclusion: The results advance the literature on the associations between parents’ stress factors and parenting behaviors and on the interdependence between mothers and fathers.