Effective Time, Frequency, and Sidelink Synchronization for Cellular Device-to-Device Communications

Abstract

This article proposes an efficient time, frequency, and sidelink synchronization algorithm for device-to-device communication in a long-term evolution system. To end this, the proposed synchronization scheme uses both the structure of cyclic prefix and sidelink synchronization signals. By performing cyclic prefix mode and primary sidelink synchronization signal detection in the time domain, the performance of the frequency-domain synchronization receiver, including carrier frequency offset and sidelink identity detection, is improved. To assess the usefulness of the proposed synchronization method, the mean square error and the detection probability are theoretically derived. Simulation results show that the proposed synchronization scheme achieves robust detection of carrier frequency offset, symbol timing offset, cyclic prefix mode, and sidelink synchronization signal in a time-frequency doubly selective fading channel.