Recent trends in the development of vaccine technologies to combat pandemic outbreaks and challenges

Abstract

Pandemic outbreaks that have shaken up the whole world set an alarming situation to set up a safeguard for the human population. For the past 200 years to date, the world has been repeatedly hit by various illnesses by different organisms, starting from smallpox, polio, influenza to the current COVID-19. In all the pandemic situations, vaccination plays the most significant part. Many examination endeavor centers worldwide have focused on improving and finding the best vaccine candidate to combat the outbreaks. Above all measures, there arises more powerful bacteria and viruses to attack the world. Thus recent immunization advancements are ready to accomplish fast improvement just as enormous scope creation is of urgent significance. This chapter deals with a detailed review of pandemic outbreaks, various vaccine methodologies, and their success platforms. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.