Surface Stabilization of a Formamidinium Perovskite Solar Cell Using Quaternary Ammonium Salt
- Authors
- Song, Sungwon; Yang, Seok Joo; Choi, Jinhyeok; Han, Se Gyo; Park, Kwanghee; Lee, Hansol; Min, Jiwoo; Ryu, Sunmin; Cho, Kilwon
- Issue Date
- Aug-2021
- Publisher
- AMER CHEMICAL SOC
- Keywords
- perovskite solar cell; film uniformity; decomposition mechanism; surface passivation; operational stability
- Citation
- ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, v.13, no.31, pp.37052 - 37062
- Journal Title
- ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
- Volume
- 13
- Number
- 31
- Start Page
- 37052
- End Page
- 37062
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/84669
- DOI
- 10.1021/acsami.1c07690
- ISSN
- 1944-8244
- Abstract
- Dimensionality engineering is an effective approach to improve the stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A two-dimensional (2D) perovskite assembled from bulky organic cations to cover the surface of three-dimensional (3D) perovskite can repel ambient moisture and suppress ion migration across the perovskite film. This work demonstrates how the thermal stability of the bulky organic cation of a 2D perovskite affects the crystallinity of the perovskite and the optoelectrical properties of perovskite solar cells. Structural analysis of (FAPbI(3))(0.95)(MAPbBr(3))(0.05) (FA = formamidinium ion, MA = methylammonium ion) mixed with a series of bulky cations shows a clear correlation between the structure of the bulky cations and the formation of surface defects in the resultant perovskite films. An organic cation with primary ammonium structure is vulnerable to a deprotonation reaction under typical perovskite-film processing conditions. Decomposition of the bulky cations results in structural defects such as iodide vacancies and metallic lead clusters at the surface of the perovskite film; these defects lead to a nonradiative recombination loss of charge carriers and to severe ion migration during operation of the device. In contrast, a bulky organic cation with a quaternary ammonium structure exhibits superior thermal stability and results in substantially fewer structural defects at the surface of the perovskite film. As a result, the corresponding PSC exhibits the PCE of 21.6% in a reverse current-voltage scan and a stabilized PCE of 20.1% with an excellent lifetime exceeding 1000 h for the encapsulated device under continuous illumination.
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