Pain in atypical parkinsonism, vascular parkinsonism, and Parkinson's disease

Abstract

Background Pain is a common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is considered a pre-motor symptom suggesting sensory involvement in the pre-motor stage. Pain in other parkinsonian disorders such as atypical parkinsonism and vascular parkinsonism (VP) has been investigated in only a few studies. The characteristics of pain in other parkinsonian disorders, including the temporal relationships between pain and motor symptoms, were investigated in the present study. Methods A total of 236 PD, 42 multiple system atrophy (MSA), 31 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 38 VP patients were screened for pain. After excluding patients with dementia and pain not related to PD, the presence of pain, severity, onset, type, and location were compared among the four patient groups. Results Difference was not observed in pain presence (chi(2) = 3, p = 0.186), severity (F = 1.534, p = 0.207), or type (chi(2 )= 6, p = 0.400) among the four groups. However, the temporal relationship between pain and motor symptoms differed (H(3) = 8.764, p = 0.033). Pain predated motor symptoms in PD, MSA, and VP but often followed motor symptoms in PSP. The pain location in the body was different among the four patient groups (chi(2 )= 21, p = 0.018), and leg involvement was more common in PSP. Conclusion The present study results suggest that pain can be a pre-motor symptom in PD, MSA, and VP but not in PSP, implying different pain pathogeneses in these disorders. Pain locations were other for each group, which requires further investigation with a more extensive study cohort.