Pyrimethamine induces phototoxicity in human keratinocytes via lysosomal and mitochondrial dependent signaling pathways under environmental UVA and UVB exposure
- Authors
- Yadav, Neera
- Issue Date
- Sep-2022
- Publisher
- ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
- Keywords
- Pyrimethamine; Keratinocytes; UVA/B; Phototoxicity; Lamp2; Oxidative stress
- Citation
- TOXICOLOGY, v.479
- Journal Title
- TOXICOLOGY
- Volume
- 479
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/85852
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153320
- ISSN
- 0300-483X
- Abstract
- Pyrimethamine (PYR) is used to treat parasitic infections including toxoplasmosis, pneumonia and cys-toisosporiasis in HIV patients. Various oral medicines have shown phototoxicity therefore, we aimed to study the phototoxicity of PYR and its molecular mechanism involving stress responsive lysosomal protein Lamp2 and mitochondrial mediated signaling pathway under normal UVA/B exposure. We found that photodegradation and subsequent photoproduct formation was evident through LCMS/MS analysis. Photosensitized PYR produces ROS that cause damage to DNA, cell membrane and membrane bound organelles in human keratinocytes. PYR triggered cytotoxicity and phototoxicity that was evident through MTT and NRU assay respectively. Intracellular ROS generation caused phosphatidyl serine (PS) translocation in cell membrane, lysosome membrane per-meabilization (LMP) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse that was further validated through caspase3 activation. DNA damage was measured as tail DNA formation and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Pho-tosensitized PYR induces oxidative stress in the form of overexpression of Lamp2 that ultimately led to cellular apoptosis. Moreover, the effects of UVB were higher than UVA, probably due to its direct interaction with various macromolecules. We propose that photoexcited PYR may be harmful to human health even at normal sunlight exposure. Therefore, protective procedures should be practiced during PYR medication.
- Files in This Item
- There are no files associated with this item.
- Appears in
Collections - 약학대학 > 약학과 > 1. Journal Articles
Items in ScholarWorks are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.