The mechanisms and topologies of Ru-based water oxidation catalysts: A comprehensive review

Abstract

A water-splitting device is based on the activity of water oxidation catalysts. Water oxidation catalysts have been designed using different strategies to form multiple topologies. The catalysts vary in their function depending on their coordination flexibility, steric hindrance, and carboxylate ligands. The onset potential of the water -oxidation catalysts can be lowered by the addition of functional groups with negative charges. The normal configuration of the transition metal complex should be distorted to form an open site that can conveniently bind to the substrates. In this review, we have discussed the mechanism of Ru-based water oxidation catalysts with different topologies beneficial for the conversion of the substrate.