Subnano-sized silicon anode via crystal growth inhibition mechanism and its application in a prototype battery pack
- Authors
- Sung, Jaekyung; Kim, Namhyung; Ma, Jiyoung; Lee, Jeong Hyeon; Joo, Se Hun; Lee, Taeyong; Chae, Sujong; Yoon, Moonsu; Lee, Yoonkwang; Hwang, Jaeseong; Kwak, Sang Kyu; Cho, Jaephil
- Issue Date
- Dec-2021
- Publisher
- NATURE PORTFOLIO
- Citation
- NATURE ENERGY, v.6, no.12, pp.1164 - 1175
- Journal Title
- NATURE ENERGY
- Volume
- 6
- Number
- 12
- Start Page
- 1164
- End Page
- 1175
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/89379
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41560-021-00945-z
- ISSN
- 2058-7546
- Abstract
- Silicon-based anodes are a promising alternative to the graphite anodes that are widely used in today's commercial batteries. Here the authors report a synthesis route for silicon anodes consisting of subnanometre-sized particles and demonstrate their use in an unusual large-scale battery pack system. Due to the large volume variation of high-capacity alloy-based anodes during cycling, it is desirable to use small anode particles for an extended battery cycle life. However, it is still challenging to realize subnano-sized particles (<1 nm). Here we show a growth inhibition mechanism that prevents continuous enlargement of size immediately after nucleation during chemical vapour deposition. The growth inhibition is successfully applied to the synthesis of silicon, thereby yielding subnano-sized (<1 nm) silicon embedded in a highly stable dual matrix composed of carbon and silicon carbide. Ethylene not only functions as a silicon growth inhibitor, thereby slowing the growth of nucleated silicon via Si-C bond formation, but also acts as a source to create the dual matrix. The subnano-sized silicon anode enhances the cycling stability (Coulombic efficiency reaching 99.96% over 50 cycles). Finally, the practical application of the fabricated energy storage system (103.2 kWh) containing 110 Ah full-cells with 91% capacity retention for 2,875 cycles and a calendar life of 97.6% for 1 year is demonstrated.
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