ZnCl2-based activation for converting spent coffee grounds into a robust anode for Li-ion batteries
- Authors
- Vo, Thuan Ngoc; Le, Van Thuan; Dang, Nguyen Khoa; Le, My Loan Phung; Nguyen, Van Hoang; Tran, Van Man; Nguyen, Minh Thu; Tran, Nhu Hoa Thi; Nguyen, Tuan Loi; Kim, Il Tae
- Issue Date
- Feb-2024
- Publisher
- PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
- Keywords
- Activated carbon; Biomass wastes; Lithium-ion batteries; Nanostructure materials; Spent coffee grounds; Zinc silicate
- Citation
- Biomass and Bioenergy, v.181
- Journal Title
- Biomass and Bioenergy
- Volume
- 181
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/gachon/handle/2020.sw.gachon/90496
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107058
- ISSN
- 0961-9534
1873-2909
- Abstract
- Achieving a net-zero target via a circular economy approach necessitates maximizing the recycling of waste into higher-value materials. In the present study, spent coffee grounds (SCG) from industrial food processing biomass waste are converted into a high-performance anode material used in lithium-ion batteries via one-step carbonization of ZnCl2 at 550 °C. The hybrid composites (HCs) are collected after the process contained C- and Zn-based mixed oxides, such as zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4) and zinc ferrate (ZnFe2O4). The content of Zn-based mixed oxides in HCs increases with the initial ZnCl2:SCG mass ratio and reaches its maximum at a ratio of 2:1 wt/wt (HCs_2). The electrochemical performance of the HC-based anodes is proportional to the loaded Zn content when the ZnCl2:SCG mass ratio increases from 0 to 2. The optimized anode (HCs_2) exhibits a charge capacity of 692 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 86 % at the 100th cycle, whereas the corresponding values for HCs_0 anode (without ZnCl2 treatment) are 311 mAh g−1 and 73.3 %. The superior electrochemical performance of the optimized anode is attributed to the nanosized Zn2SiO4 and ZnFe2O4, stabilization effect of activated carbon matrices, and a strategy that increases the proportions of high-capacity components. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
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