Depression and Diet: The Role of Common Foods in Korean Young Adults

Abstract

Depression is becoming increasingly common, especially among young adults in Korea. Certain foods may have properties that can either alleviate or exacerbate depressive symptoms. This study aimed to examine the relationship between food and depression in Korean young adults, focusing on the ten most frequently consumed foods in this demographic, and explore their bioactive effects and potential mechanisms. Through a literature review, bioactive compounds such as casein, alpha-lactalbumin, zinc, calcium, iron, selenium, tryptophan, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate, probiotics, quercetin, and some harmful ingredients were identified in these commonly consumed foods. Eight broad mechanisms emerged, suggesting these bioactive components are involved in the pathological metabolism of depression: adjustment of the plasma large neutral amino acid ratio, regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, homocysteine metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, single-carbon transfer reactions, selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase. Further well-designed research is needed to confirm the beneficial or harmful effects of these foods and their underlying mechanisms. The findings of this study can be used in public health strategies, encouraging young adults to choose healthier foods to reduce the risk of depression. Additionally, they could aid in the development of functional foods or alternative antidepressants that utilize these bioactive components.