Changes in the Trend of Thyroid Cancer Epidemiology According to South Korean Nationwide Database, 1999–2020

Abstract

Purpose: The incidence of thyroid cancer has risen acutely over the last two decades around the world. This trend was the most pronounced in South Korea, which has attracted attention from various medical and non-medical experts in the healthcare field. However, a comprehensive statistical analysis of thyroid cancer trends is still lacking. This paper aims to bridge this gap by providing a detailed statistical review of thyroid cancer epidemiology in South Korea from 1999 to 2020. Methods: Data was collected and analyzed from the Korean Statistical Information Service and Korean Central Cancer Registry system database. Results: Our analysis reveals a striking increase in thyroid cancer incidence over the past two decades, with a notable rise in both female and male patients. Middle-aged individuals, particularly those aged 40-59, bear the highest burden of thyroid cancer. Correspondingly, the number of thyroid surgeries peaked in 2013, but declined by 2020, mirroring incidence trends. Remarkably, 5-year and 10-year relative survival rates have shown consistent improvement, reaching 100% in recent years. However, medical expenses for thyroid cancer have escalated significantly, reflecting the growing complexity of treatments. Discussions of overdiagnosis, changing incidence trends, and disproportionate shifts in gender distribution underscore the need for continuous assessment of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into thyroid cancer epidemiology and management, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research and healthcare planning to address this evolving public health challenge effectively in South Korea and beyond.