The effects of relationship bonds on bank employees' psychological responses and boundary-spanning behaviors An empirical examination of the JD-R model

Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of relationship bonds on the psychological response and behavior of bank employees based on the job demands-resources theory. Specifically, it examines the effects of relationship bonds in terms of person-job (P-J) fit, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction and boundary-spanning behaviors, all of which comprise the behavioral dimensions of bank employees. In addition, the study examines how the resiliency of bank employees influences their emotional exhaustion and determines whether a moderating effect related to emotional exhaustion exists. Design/methodology/approach - To achieve this aim, data were collected from 365 customer-facing banking employees in South Korea. Reliability, validity and the hypotheses were verified through structural equation modeling; any moderating effects were identified using the bootstrap method and the process model. Findings - Study results showed that financial, structural, internal social and external social bonds - the bonds pertaining to relationship elements - have positive effects on P-J fit. P-J fit influenced emotional exhaustion negatively and job satisfaction positively. Furthermore, emotional exhaustion negatively influenced job satisfaction. Job satisfaction had positive effects on service delivery, external representation and internal influence, the elements comprising boundary-spanning behavior. Finally, resiliency was shown to lower emotional exhaustion but revealed no moderating effect. Originality/value - First, this study examined relationship bonds, which reference relationship marketing when introducing organizational resources that influence the psychological and behavioral responses of bank employees. Second, this study introduced resiliency as a personal resource and clarified the way it applies to an individual's psychological response. Third, existing literature has been limited to conducting fragmented research of the psychological factors that intervene in predisposing factors and job outcomes. This study makes a unique contribution by establishing a psychological response process.