A Promising Na3V2(PO4)(3)/Ag+ Graphene Composites as Cathode Material for Hybrid Lithium Batteries

Abstract

The NASICON (sodium super ionic conductor) based Na3V2(PO4)(3)/Ag+ graphene (NVP/Ag + G) was successfully synthesized through a sol-gel route using a silver nitrate and graphene as a raw material. The effects of the physical and electrochemical properties of the NVP/Ag + G composites have been evaluated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements. The graphene and Ag significantly influenced the morphology, structure and electrochemical performance of the Na3V2(PO4)(3) material. In the electrochemical measurement, the (NVP/Ag + G) electrode showed the discharge capacity of 102 nnAh g(-1) at 0.1 C rate, which was higher than the pristine Na3V2(PO4)(3). At a current rate of 5 C, it still exhibits the discharge capacity of 73 mAh g(-1) and the capacity retention of 71.6%. The results of higher electrochemical performance of the NVP/Ag+ G composites are mainly attributed to the synergetic effect of the graphene and the silver particles.