Epigenetic Approaches to the Treatment of Renal Cell Cancer

Abstract

To summarize the epigenetics in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and discuss the potential use of epigenetic modifiers as RCC biomarkers and treatments. Pertinent articles available on PubMed and google scholar database pertaining to kidney cancer and epigenetics were reviewed. Metastatic RCC is one of the most difficult cancers to treat. Although RCC is commonly known to be caused by VHL mutations, it is not enough to understand the complete pathophysiology of RCC. Epigenetic factors can play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of RCC. Epigenetic regulators are classified as epigenetic writers, readers, and erasers according to their role. In this review, we discuss the potential role of epigenetic regulators as a biomarker for RCC. We also review medications that target epigenetic enzymes and are currently tried in RCC therapy.