Effect of the appropriateness of sound environment on urban soundscape assessment

Abstract

Sound environment is a critical factor to be considered in the development of sustainable and healthy urban communities and cities. We investigated the effect of the appropriateness of the sound environment on urban soundscape perception through individuals' subjective evaluation in a laboratory condition. Our aim was to propose design guidelines to enhance urban soundscape quality. Virtual reality technology was used to simulate a realistic soundscape: visual information was generated via a head-mounted display, and spatial audio information was provided via headphone-based first-order ambisonic head-tracking technology. The appropriateness and perceived degree of sound sources, perceived visual elements, and soundscape quality (such as satisfaction, desire to stay, and comfort) were evaluated with 30 participants in two experimental setups: a visual environment and an audio-visual environment. The results revealed that the appropriateness of the sound sources interacted with individuals' perception of visual elements, and “traffic” sounds and “birdsongs” were critical factors that influenced participants’ initial perception of urban soundscape quality. Further, “human” sounds originating from human activity were related to the “comfort” aspects of soundscape quality. The findings and soundscape design guidelines will be useful for the planning and development of urban soundscapes.