Design of a flexible diversity zeroth-order resonance antenna for WBAN applications

Abstract

A flexible diversity antenna using zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) for WBAN applications is proposed to improve performance and overcome multipath fading. The dimension of the proposed diversity antenna, including the system ground, two antenna elements, and the decoupling network is 44 mm x 35 mm x 0.127 mm. When the antenna is located on a semi-solid flat phantom with equivalent electrical properties of a human body, the S-11 and S-22 values of the proposed antenna at 2.45 GHz are -22.8 dB and -25.4 dB, respectively. The measured specific absorption ratio (SAR) values of the antenna elements #1 and #2 are 0.54 W/kg and 0.75 W/kg (1 g tissue) and mean powers delivered from the two ports are almost identical since the proposed antenna has a measured ECC of 0.021 MEG ratio of 0.33 dB at 2.45 GHz.