홉스의 법 및 정치사상에 대한 재해석 가능성: 슈미트, 아감벤, 푸코, 아렌트의 홉스 해석을 중심으로

Abstract

Recently the legal and political theorists have paid attention to Hobbes' political philosophy. It is related not only to the postmodern 'bio-corporeal turn' but also to the serious challenge to the politics. Agamben has explored Hobbes' theory of 'the state of Nature' and compares it to Schmitt's thoughts about 'the state of Exception'. Agamben's critical analysis is grounded in his opposition to the sovereign violence that produces the meaningless 'bare life' by means of 'inclusive exclusion'. Schmitt has recognized the significant relationship between Hobbes' state of Nature and his own concept of the 'Political', defined by the existential enmity. But he has opposed to Hobbes' stark notion of the depolitizing individualistic liberalism. Foucault has analysed Hobbes' theory as discourse of sovereign supremacy and obedience. On Foucault's account the traditional sovereign politics is in eighteenth century replaced by the modern governmentality that is based on the elements of the population, the political economics, and the technique of security. Foucault has considered the rise of economic reason and liberal governmentality as the essential and effective transformation of political power. Grounded on her political pathos Arendt has accused Hobbes of the logic of the liberal individualism and imperialism that prolong the 'state of Nature' and bring about the fatal decline of politics and public realms. To that extent these theorists have reconstructed their own political thoughts by means of 'postmodern Hobbes'. They have intended commonly the regeneration of the politics and the political consciousness.