The bounds for technical elastic constants of a cortical bone

Abstract

Objective: Voigt and Reuss bounds (or lower and upper bounds) for technical elastic constants are estimated after constructing the Voigt and Reuss bounds for components of an elasticity tensor. Method: Numerically orthotropic elastic constants of cortical bone are employed for the illustration. By selecting the upper values in Voigt-Reuss bounds for the upper bounds and lower bounds, the effective technical elastic constants of a cortical bone are estimated. In another words, we select the lower values of C 13 and C 33 for the upper bound and round off below the second decimal, which makes the Voigt-Reuss bounds satisfied. Conclusion: The effective technical elastic constants of cortical bone are estimated from the bounds of the elasticity tensor.