Optimization of hydrothermal synthesis of Fe–TiO2 nanotube arrays for enhancement in visible light using an experimental design methodology
- Authors
- Zafar, Zulakha; Kim, Jong-Oh
- Issue Date
- Oct-2020
- Publisher
- Academic Press Inc.
- Keywords
- Fe-TNT; Response surface methodology; Visible light: hydrothermal modification
- Citation
- Environmental Research, v.189, pp.1 - 11
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- Environmental Research
- Volume
- 189
- Start Page
- 1
- End Page
- 11
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/1732
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109908
- ISSN
- 0013-9351
- Abstract
- We designed an experiment to optimize the hydrothermal modification of iron on anodized TiO2 nanotubes. A central composite design that included five design points was used to determine the condition parameters for hydrothermal reaction time (1–5 h) and hydrothermal temperature (120–180 °C). A statistical method was used to observe the effects of hydrothermal conditions on the material properties and photocatalytic activity of a Fe–TiO2 nanotube catalyst. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis shows the iron is doped on the TNTs, which is further confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction indicate the existing states of iron in the form of iron oxide on the TNT. The maximum degradation efficiency (92.3%) was achieved at a hydrothermal temperature of 150 °C and time of 3 h. It is found that the optimal medication of the Fe-TNT catalyst occurred at a particular combination of temperature (150 °C) and reaction time (3 h), that provide the more active sites for iron to enter the crystal lattice of TNT, and that the maximum CR degradation could be achieved.
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