Theoretical Analysis of the Time-Dependent Temperature Evolution for Thermal Runaway Prevention in Multi-Layered LiCl-LiBr-LiF Thermal Batteries

Abstract

A pseudo two-dimensional heat transfer model has been developed to predict time-dependent temperature variations in thermal batteries with a LiCl-LiBr-LiF electrolyte. The effect of combustion-flame propagation of heat pellets in a radial direction on local temperature profiles is implicitly incorporated for parametric studies of thermal runaway prevention. Analytical results show that the mass of the heat pellets should be carefully controlled for successful operation of the thermal batteries, with the ensuing thermal safety issues. Current collectors are also observed to have a strong effect on temperature and to share part of the thermal load, thus enabling more stable operation of the thermal batteries.