Dexamethasone-conjugated polyethylenimine as an efficient gene carrier with an anti-apoptotic effect to cardiomyocytes

Abstract

Background Dexamethasone is a potent glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory effects. Dexamethasone can protect ischemic cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. To apply the anti-apoptotic effect of dexamethasone to ischemic disease gene therapy, dexamethasone-conjugated polyethylenimine (PEI-Dexa) was synthesized and evaluated as an anti-apoptotic gene carrier.

Methods PEI-Dexa was synthesized with low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI2K, 2 kDa). The transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of PEI-Dexa were evaluated by luciferase assay and the MTT assay. To evaluate the anti-apoptotic effect, PEI-Dexa/DNA complex was transfected into cells and the cells were treated with H2O2. Cell viability and apoptosis level were measured by the MTT assay and caspase-3 assay, respectively.

Results A transfection assay into H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes showed that PEI-Dexa had the highest transfection efficiency at an 8 : 1 weight ratio (PEI-Dexa/DNA). At this ratio, PEI-Dexa had higher transfection efficiency than high molecular polyethylenimine (PEI25K, 25 kDa) and PEI2K. In addition, the cytotoxicity of PEI-Dexa was lower than that of PEI25K. To evaluate the anti-apoptotic effect, PEI-Dexa/pSV-Luc or PEI2K/pSV-Luc was transfected into H9C2 cells and the cells were treated with H2O2. PEI-Dexa was found to reduce caspase-3 activity and increase cell viability compared to PEI2K. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) can protect ischemic cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. Therefore, pSV-HO-1 was cloned and transfected into H9C2 cells using PEI-Dexa. The cells transfected with PEI-Dexa/pSV-HO-1 complex had lower caspase-3 activity and higher viability than the cells transfected with PEI-Dexa/pSV-Luc complex after the H2O2 treatment.

Conclusions PEI-Dexa is an efficient gene carrier with an anti-apoptotic effect and may be useful for anti-apoptotic gene therapy in combination with pSV-HO-1.