Social jetlag and risk of depression: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract

Background: Social jetlag, which is the mismatch between endogenous rhythm and social timing, is prevalent among the working population. Social jetlag may result in mood changes; however, evidence of relationship between social jetlag and depressive disorders has not been fully verified. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between social jetlag and depressive symptoms in a representative working population of South Korea.Methods: This study included 5447 Korean employees in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Social jetlag was calculated as the difference between the midpoint of sleep time on weekdays and free days. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio after adjusting for confounding factors. Moreover, social jetlag and continuous depression scores were evaluated using linear regression and generalized additive models. Results: The proportion of the participants who had >2 h of social jetlag was 10.26 %. Depressive symptoms increased as social jetlag increased. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted OR (95 % confidence interval) for 1 to 2 h of social jetlag was 1.355 (0.891-2.059) and for >2 h was 1.859 (1.084-3.187), which <1 h was reference.Limitations: This study used a cross-sectional design and measurements were based on self-reported scales.Conclusion: This study found that social jetlag and depressive symptoms were significantly related in the Korean working population.