Solvent Regeneration Methods for Combined Dearomatization, Desulfurization, and Denitrogenation of Fuels Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Abstract

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can be used as potential solvents for various applications. However, their recovery depends on both economic and environmental considerations. In this study, the possibilities for the recovery of methyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide/triethylene glycol (MTPPB/TEG 1:4) after the application of combined dearomatization, desulfurization, and denitrogenation of fuels are investigated. The DES was first prepared and characterized for its density, viscosity, and water content. Then, the single-stage liquid-liquid extraction was conducted in addition to testing the repetitive use of the DES. After that, two regeneration methods were studied: the stripping method (with n- heptane) and the washing method (with distilled water or diethyl ether). In addition, a parametric study was conducted to optimize the regeneration methods. The results showed that washing the used DES with distilled water was significantly more effective than stripping the DES with n-heptane. In terms of quinoline reduction, distilled water reduced the quinoline content in the DES from 3.2 to 2.1 wt %, while n-heptane showed a minor reduction in the quinoline content (3.2 to 3 wt %). It was also found that a much more effective recovery could be achieved by (i) increasing the DES-to-regeneration solvent mass ratio and (ii) increasing the number of wash cycles. Furthermore, the regeneration temperature did not have a significant effect on the recyclability of the DES. The results demonstrated that the regenerated DES was as effective in extraction as a fresh batch of DES.