Beneficial use of waste tires: An integrated gasification and combustion process design via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and polyisoprene (IR)

Abstract

Currently, in the United States, nearly 58 million tires per year (similar to 640,000 tons) are discarded typically in landfills, which pose serious environmental issues because of their durability and strong tendency to leach toxic chemicals. A novel process intensification design (integrated combustion-gasification reactor) to convert waste tires to useful raw materials, such as syngas (CO and HZ), has been investigated. This work will report on the findings from a series of thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) experiments at various heating rates on styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR) and polyisoprene (IR) and the effects of various atmospheres (7% O-2/N-2, Air, 30%O-2/N-2, 3%H-2/N-2) on the combustion and gasification processes. The results indicate that oxygen enhanced atmospheres only have a significant effect on increasing combustion efficiency at low heating rates, such as 10 degrees C/min. An unexpected result of the N-2-O-2 tests was the development of a plateau in mass-loss vs. temperature curves, at 700 degrees C. Polyisoprene thermograms in 7% O-2/N-2 atmosphere, plateau was detected only at a low heating rate, such as 10 C/min. Furthermore, the amount of tar created is significantly different; polyisoprene generates much more tar. Measured data were used to obtain the kinetics of the significant reactions of waste tire conversion. That was combined with thermodynamic values from the literature and programmed into Aspen (TM) to simulate the integrated process. The results for a hypothetical reactor that consumes 10 million tires and 87,600 m(3) of water (in the form of sewage sludge) per year, produces 18.9% H-2, 16.6% CO, 6.0% H2O, 8.4% CO2, and 49.9% N-2 of syngas. The total energy output is 28.6 MW of sensible heat and 103 MW of chemical energy.