Fast and slow clustering dynamics of Cucker-Smale ensemble with internal oscillatory phases

Abstract

We study fast and slow clustering dynamics of Cucker-Smale ensemble with internal phase dynamics via the Cucker-Smale-Kuramoto (in short, CSK) model. The CSK model describes the emergent dynamics of flocking particles with phase dynamics. It consists of the Cucker-Smale flocking model and the Kuramoto model, and their interplay is registered in the communication weight function between particles. We present a sufficient framework for mono-cluster flocking and complete synchronization in terms of system parameters and initial data. In particular, the mono-cluster flocking will emerge exponentially fast (fast dynamics). On the other hand, when initial spatial-velocity configuration is close to the bi-cluster flocking, we also provide a sufficient framework leading to convergence of bi-cluster flocking algebraically slow depending on the decay rate of the communication weight (slow flocking dynamics). We also provide several numerical examples and compare them with analytical results.