Nanodisk–like activated carbon-branched polyamine for adsorption and degradation of gaseous formaldehyde

Abstract

The adsorption potential of activated carbon (AC) is determined to a large extent by an interplay between its surface functional groups and target pollutants like volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Herein, we present a new approach to improve such property through the creation of nanodisk-like material by modifying the surface and morphology of AC with branched polyamine (BPA). The formulated AC-BPA possesses large number of surface functional moieties (e.g., amine, –COOH, –OH, and Cl−) to facilitate physical, chemical, and reactive adsorption to tackle a common air pollutant such as formaldehyde (FA). Despite its reduction in surface area (relative to AC), AC-BPA was demonstrated to have a significantly large potential for reactive adsorption and catalytic oxidation (RACO) against FA with high adsorption capacity (82.3 mg g−1) and partition coefficient (PC = of 0.64 mol kg−1 Pa−1) under dry condition. Interestingly, a noticeable enhancement in its performance is attained by the presence of moisture (e.g., 100 % RH) as evidenced by adsorption capacity of 144.3 mg g−1 (PC of 1.25 mol kg−1 Pa−1). This can be attributed to its rich heteroatom content (e.g., COO− and Cl−), possibly inducing partial ionization of water molecules and generating secondary active sites for FA adsorption. In-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy revealed that AC-BPA catalyzed the chemical transformation of FA into methylol adducts, H2O, and CO2. These findings indicate that FA adsorption is primarily influenced by surface functional groups rather than by surface area. This study is expected to pave the way for designing metal-free high-performance RACO materials against FA under ambient conditions.