Effect of ball-milling time on structural characteristics and densification behavior of W-Cu composite powder produced from WO₃-CuO powder mixtures

Abstract

Understanding the microstructure of W-Cu nanocomposite powder is essential for elucidating its sintering mechanism. In this study, the effect of milling time on the structural characteristics and densification behavior of W-Cu composite powders synthesized from WO₃-CuO powder mixtures was investigated. The mixture of WO₃ and CuO powders was ball-milled in a bead mill for 1 h and 10 h followed by reduction by heat-treating the mixture at 800 °C in H-2 atmosphere with a heating rate of 2 °C/min to produce W-Cu composite powder. The microstructure analysis of the reduced powder obtained by milling for 1 h revealed the formation of W-Cu powder consisting of W nanoparticle-attached Cu microparticles. However, Cu-coated W nanocomposite powder consisting of W nanoparticles coated with a Cu layer was formed when the Mixture was milled for 10 h. Cu-coated W nanopowder exhibited an excellent sinterability not only in the solid-phase sintering stage (SPS) but also in the liquid-phase sintering stage (LPS). A high relative sintered density of 96.0% was obtained at 1050 °C with a full densification occurring on sintering the sample at 1100 °C. The 1 h-milled W-Cu powder exhibited a high sinterability only in the LPS stage to achieve a nearly full densification at 1200 °C.