Experimental challenges and troubleshooting in operating batch reverse osmosis system for brackish water desalination

Abstract

Batch Reverse Osmosis (RO) is gaining traction in both pilot and commercial settings because of its high recovery rates and reduced uses of energy. The batch RO design with free piston promises energy efficiency, recovery of the system and zero liquid discharge (ZLD) / minimal liquid discharge (MLD) applications with the batch, and hybrid batch/semi-batch mode of operation. Despite its potential advantages, the design and operational challenges of batch RO systems remain inadequately explored and require further systematic investigation. This study focuses on the diagnosis and troubleshooting of the problem that arises during the operation of the batch RO system. Unique operational challenges of batch RO systems include high permeate Total Dissolved solids (TDS), non-existent recirculation flow, not shifting pressurisation to purge and refill phase and vice versa, premature membrane scaling, etc. The study highlights the unaddressed issues that can be experienced during the implementation/establishment of the batch RO system. Problem diagnosis and troubleshooting enclose the solution, which is because of the manufacturing defect of the components, improper installation, or improper operation by the users.