Thermal decomposition mechanism of lithium methyl carbonate in solid electrolyte interphase layer of lithium-ion battery

Abstract

To predict the early stages of thermal runaway and improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries, it is necessary to examine the elementary reaction steps for the thermal decomposition of individual solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) components. This study elucidates a detailed decomposition mechanism of lithium methyl carbonate (LMC) which is one of SEI components and accounts for the majority of SEI components formed in commercial electrolytes. The detailed reaction mechanism for the thermal decomposition of LMC is proposed based on the in-situ/ex-situ experiments and density functional theory calculations. LMC underwent six reactions before finally converting to Li2CO3 at 300 °C. To supplement the reliability of the proposed reaction mechanism, the actual gas composition measured using mass spectrometry (MS) are compared with the chain reactions of radicals generated through the thermal decomposition reactions, which is calculated using GRI-MECH 3.0, a gas-phase reaction mechanism. The methodology proposed in this study can be used both for analyzing the reaction mechanisms of different SEI components and their coupling effects with the electrolyte in the future. Understanding these reaction mechanism sets will help us to understand the degradation reactions of real complex SEI and the initial self-heating stage during thermal runaway.