Sonodynamic Therapy With Orally Absorbable Nanomedicine for Brain Tumor

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and treatment-resistant brain tumor with poor prognosis despite surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which combines low-intensity focused ultrasound with systemically or orally administered sonosensitizers, has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach to achieve localized tumor cell killing via reactive oxygen species. Recent advances in nanomedicine have enabled the development of orally absorbable, blood–brain barrier permeable delivery systems that enhance tumor targeting and ultrasound responsiveness. Preclinical studies have demonstrated consistent anti-tumor efficacy and immune activation, while early clinical trials suggest SDT is safe, feasible, and potentially effective in recurrent GBM. This review outlines recent progress in SDT-based strategies for GBM, with emphasis on mechanistic insights, delivery innovations, and clinical translation.