Serial Changes in Parotid Gland Volume and Symptoms After Radiation Therapy in Oropharyngeal Cancer

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the serial changes in the volume of the parotid gland and clinical symptoms after a course of radiation therapy (RT) in patients with oropharyngeal cancer. Methods: A total of 33 patients who were diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer and had been treated with RT or concurrent chemoradiation therapy were evaluated. Parotid gland volumes were measured serially by head and neck computed tomography with contrast-enhanced images before RT, and 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after RT. Patients also filled out EORTC (European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer) QLQ-C30 questionnaires on the quality of life (QOL) at the same time. This questionnaire included questions about salivary gland function: dry mouth, sticky saliva, and taste disorder. Higher scores on EORTC questionnaire translates to worse QOL. Results: All patients received more than 60 Gy irradiation in total. The mean volume of parotid gland decreased from 23.30 mL before RT to 15.80 mL, 15.93 mL, and 16.67 mL after 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively (P < 0.001 between pre-RT and all other 3 periods). The scores on the QOL questionnaire were higher (worsened QOL) at all 3 times after radiation than in the pre-RT period. The mean score of QOL increased from pre-RT to 2 years post-RT: “dry mouth” from 1.65 to 2.70, “sticky saliva” from 1.19 to 2.00, and “taste disorder” from 1.12 to 1.94. All 3 of these parameters were correlated with the volume of the parotid gland (P < 0.005 each). Conclusions: The volume of the parotid gland decreases significantly after RT for oropharyngeal cancer and does not recover significantly for at least 2 years. There was a significant correlation between decreased parotid volume and a lower QOL involving salivation.