π-π Interactions as Noncovalent Tools in Selective Catalysis

Abstract

This short review describes recent advances in π-π stacking interaction-enabled catalysis for selective transformations. Owing to their charge-independent and spatially accessible nature, π-π interactions have been utilized to control chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity in a range of transformations. Selected examples are presented to illustrate how these noncovalent forces modulate transition-state geometry or stabilize key intermediates in C-C, C-O, and C-N bond formations, as well as in reductions and hydrogenation reactions.