Microplastic Pollution in Aquaculture: Challenges and Mitigation

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) have gained significant attention due to their potential environmental threat. This paper addresses MPs contamination in aquaculture, a critical concern for food safety and public health. The extensive use and disposal of plastic products in aquaculture, like netting materials, pose a significant threat to aquatic life. Urgent management strategies for MP disposal are crucial, given their expected exponential increase in aquatic environments, carrying ecological and health risks. They are absorbed by aquatic organisms' cells, tissues and organs, disrupting physiological functions. The review highlights the sources, entry pathways, behaviour and research gaps related to MPs, while providing actionable recommendations for their remediation. Acknowledging the existing knowledge gap, the authors propose proactive involvement from governmental and nongovernmental organizations to support research on MPs in aquatic systems. The escalating presence of MPs in aquaculture environments poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, food safety and human health. Addressing this challenge requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates advanced research, regulatory frameworks and sustainable practices. Future investigations must focus on characterizing the physicochemical properties of MPs, elucidating their ecotoxicological impacts on aquatic organisms and formulating effective mitigation strategies. Strengthening ecotoxicological studies is vital for ensuring the long-term sustainability of aquaculture systems. This review highlights the urgent need for regulatory enforcement, stakeholder collaboration and the adoption of a circular economy model to minimize MP pollution. A coordinated and proactive strategy is essential to protect aquatic biodiversity, ensure the safety of aquaculture products and safeguard public health.