Understanding the antibacterial mechanism of a phytochemical derived from Urginea indica against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A phytochemical perspective to impede antibiotics resistance

Abstract

Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics is a pressing concern in the realm of infectious disease treatment, given its rapid evolution. This underscores the urgency of identifying novel therapeutic compounds. Recent efforts have been concentrated on exploring natural sources of antibacterial compounds, with a particular focus on plant-based derivatives due to their enhanced biocompatibility. In this context, our research has led to the isolation and purification of a groundbreaking plant-based phytochemical derivative known as N-ethylacetamide. We meticulously tested its antibacterial activity against bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Remarkably, N-ethylacetamide exhibited substantial antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects within the concentration range of 5–15 µg/mL, offering promise for combating these pathogens. Our investigations revealed N-ethylacetamide's compatibility with mammalian cells, as evidenced by tests conducted on RAW 264.7 and 3 T3 fibroblast cell lines. The potential antibacterial efficacy of this purified compound was validated through in-vitro infection studies, and a positive immune response was observed in an in-vivo mice model (Balb/c). The accumulated experimental evidence underscores the potential of N-ethylacetamide as a therapeutic agent against bacterial infections. It presents the exciting possibility of addressing these challenges with minimal side effects, offering hope for a more effective and safer approach to combat bacterial diseases.