A Review of in Operando Measurements of Local Temperature for Lithium-ion Batteries

Abstract

Sensing the internal temperature of lithium-ion batteries is particularly useful for reliable battery operation as both electrochemistry and mass transport are dictated by local temperature. In this article, we review in operando techniques to monitor the internal temperature of lithium-ion batteries during charging and discharging. We categorize existing techniques into two groups: invasive and non-invasive approaches. Invasive techniques include optical fibers, thermocouples, and resistance temperature detectors as a thermometer. Non-invasive methods cover the temperature estimation techniques, namely electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as well as X-ray thermometry. For both approaches, we review working principle of thermometry, pros and cons of each thermometry, and recent studies to tackle relevant technical challenges. This review provides useful information for internal temperature measurements, offering chances for thermally reliable battery operation.