Ultrafast sodium storage in anatase TiO2 nanoparticles embedded on carbon nanotubes
- Authors
- Hwang, Jang-Yeon; Myung, Seung-Taek; Lee, Joo-Hyeong; Abouimrane, Ali; Belharouak, Ilias; Sun, Yang Kook
- Issue Date
- Sep-2015
- Publisher
- ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
- Keywords
- Anatase TiO2; Carbon nanotubes; Nanocrystalline; Anode; Sodium batteries
- Citation
- NANO ENERGY, v.16, pp.218 - 226
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- NANO ENERGY
- Volume
- 16
- Start Page
- 218
- End Page
- 226
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/24871
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.06.017
- ISSN
- 2211-2855
- Abstract
- The main disadvantage of using transition metal oxides for Na+-ion batteries is the sluggish kinetics of insertion of Na+ ions into the structure. Here, we introduce nanosized anatase TiO2 that is partially doped with fluorine (TiO2-delta F delta) to form electro-conducting trivalent Ti3+ as an ultrafast Na+ insertion material for use as an anode for sodium-ion batteries. In addition, the F-doped TiO2-delta F delta is modified by electro-conducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to further enhance the electric conductivity. The composite F-doped TiO2 embedded in CNTs is produced in a one-pot hydrothermal reaction. X-ray diffraction and microscopic studies revealed that nanocrystalline anatase-type TiO2-delta F delta particles, in which fluorine is present with TiO2 particles, are loaded on the CNTs. This yields a high electric conductivity of approximately 5.8 S cm(-1). The first discharge capacity of the F-doped TiO2 embedded in CNTs is approximately 250 mA h (g-oxide)(-1), and is retained at 97% after 100 cycles. As expected, a high-rate performance was achieved even at the 100 C discharging rate (25 A g(-1)) where the composite material demonstrated a capacity of 118 mA h g(-1) under the 0.1 C-rate charge condition. The present work also highlights a significant improvement in the insertion and extraction of Na+ ions when the material was charged and discharged under the same rate of 35 C (8.75 A g(-1)), delivering approximately 90 mA h (g-oxide)(-1).
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