Aprotic and Aqueous Li-O-2 Batteries

Abstract

The petroleum that is used for automobile and light truck applications represents 34% of the world's total primary energy source. In the US, the transportation sector is the single greatest consumer of imported oil. In 2010, 94% of the US transportation energy was derived from petroleum, nearly half of which came from foreign sources. The carbon dioxide emissions due to the US transportation sector account for 40% of the total carbon dioxide emission, which is considered as a major cause of geopolitical instability. The US transportation sector also represents about 27% of all US GHG emissions. However, even with today's mix of fossil, nuclear, and renewable energy sources for US electric power generation, it is estimated that, on a well-to-wheel basis, an all-electric vehicle will generate 25% less GHG emissions than a conventional gasoline-powered vehicle. Even lower emissions are predicted with increased use of renewable energy sources.