A high-rate long-life Li4Ti5O12/Li[Ni0.45Co0.1Mn1.45]O-4 lithium-ion battery

Abstract

Lithium batteries are receiving considerable attention as storage devices in the renewable energy and sustainable road transport fi elds. However, low-cost, long-life lithium batteries with higher energy densities are required to facilitate practical application. Here we report a lithium-ion battery that can be cycled at rates as high as 10 degrees C has a life exceeding 500 cycles and an operating temperature range extending from -20 to 55 degrees C. The estimated energy density is 260 W h kg(-1), which is considerably higher than densities delivered by the presently available Li-ion batteries.