Structural Stability of LiNiO2 Cycled above 4.2 V

Abstract

A spherical stoichiometric LiNiO2 particle, which was composed of compactly packed nanosized primary particles, was prepared and cycled at different cutoff voltages to explicitly demonstrate the effect of phase transitions during Li deintercalation/intercalation on the Li-ion intercalation stability of LiNiO2. The capacity retention was greatly improved by suppressing the H2 → H3 phase transition at 4.1 V, such that 95% of the initial capacity (164 mAh g–1) was retained after 100 cycles when cycled at 4.1 V. At 4.2 and 4.3 V, continuous capacity loss (81% of 191 mAh g–1 at 4.2 V and 75% of 232 mAh g–1 at 4.3 V after 100 cycles) was observed during cycling, and these electrodes incurred extensive structural damages (micro-, hairline and nanoscale cracks observed by transmission electron microscopy) from the repeated lattice contraction and expansion accompanying the H2 → H3 transition, in agreement with the cycling data.