Novel Cathode Materials for Na-Ion Batteries Composed of Spoke-Like Nanorods of Na[Ni0.61Co0.12Mn0.27]O2 Assembled in Spherical Secondary Particles
- Authors
- Hwang, Jang-Yeon; Myung, Seung-Taek; Yoon, Chong Seung; Kim, Sung-Soo; Aurbach, Doron; Sun, Yang-Kook
- Issue Date
- Nov-2016
- Publisher
- WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
- Keywords
- cathode materials; concentration gradients; robust cathodes; sodium ion batteries
- Citation
- ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, v.26, no.44, pp.8083 - 8093
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
- Volume
- 26
- Number
- 44
- Start Page
- 8083
- End Page
- 8093
- URI
- https://scholarworks.bwise.kr/hanyang/handle/2021.sw.hanyang/5484
- DOI
- 10.1002/adfm.201603439
- ISSN
- 1616-301X
- Abstract
- The development of high-energy and high-power density sodium-ion batteries is a great challenge for modern electrochemistry. The main hurdle to wide acceptance of sodium-ion batteries lies in identifying and developing suitable new electrode materials. This study presents a composition-graded cathode with average composition Na[Ni0.61Co0.12Mn0.27]O2, which exhibits excellent performance and stability. In addition to the concentration gradients of the transition metal ions, the cathode is composed of spoke-like nanorods assembled into a spherical superstructure. Individual nanorod particles also possess strong crystallographic texture with respect to the center of the spherical particle. Such morphology allows the spoke-like nanorods to assemble into a compact structure that minimizes its porosity and maximizes its mechanical strength while facilitating Na+-ion transport into the particle interior. Microcompression tests have explicitly verified the mechanical robustness of the composition-graded cathode and single particle electrochemical measurements have demonstrated the electrochemical stability during Na+-ion insertion and extraction at high rates. These structural and morphological features contribute to the delivery of high discharge capacities of 160 mAh (g oxide)−1 at 15 mA g−1 (0.1 C rate) and 130 mAh g−1 at 1500 mA g−1 (10 C rate). The work is a pronounced step forward in the development of new Na ion insertion cathodes with a concentration gradient.
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