고령자의 은행자동화기기(ATM) 사용에 대한 근거이론적 분석

Abstract

Background In this day and age, we are confronted with major social and economic problems involving aged people. It is increasingly necessary to recognize the issues of aged people as not simply problems of “getting old” but as problems of “having to live in society as aged people.” To this end, a study is needed to analyze the limitations of aged people in their use of digital media devices. Methods This study aims to analyze the obstacles and limitations that aged people may encounter in using display devices. It used Strauss & Corbin’s grounded theory methodology in order to understand the experiences of people aged 55 or above when they use automated teller machines (ATMs), and these people are the subjects of this study. Data necessary for this research was collected in December 2014. Interviews, which were recorded after acquiring the interviewees’ consent, were transcribed and saved on a computer.The total duration of the recorded data was 380 minutes long, and the transcribed content filled 18 pages of A4 paper. Result As a result of the analysis of the data, 61 concepts, 25 sub-categories, and 11 categories were identified. Then the 11 categories were grouped into six paradigms: causal condition, key phenomenon, contextual condition, mediation situation, interaction strategy, and result, which were then used to conduct an analysis of the factors related to aged people’s use of ATMs. First of all, the causal condition for aged people’s use of ATMs included convenience and limitation in use. Second, the key phenomenon was aged people’s use of ATMs. Third, the contextual condition was the increased necessity to adapt to digitalization and change in the psychological conditions of aged people. Fourth, the mediation situation could be divided into internal resources that may reveal the limitations of the aged and into extraneous resources surrounding the aged. Fifth, the interaction strategy to facilitate aged people’s use of ATMs included aged people’s attempts to adapt themselves to the new environment and their engagement in new activities such as education opportunities. Sixth, the result was either to embrace the use of devices more, which suggests expansion to the use of other electronic devices, or to remain apathetic, which includes indifference with which aged people merely maintain the scope of use or simply decline to use electronic devices. Conclusions What is notable is that aged people’s use of devices can be accounted for not only by functional aspects such as ease of use or rationality, but also by psychological aspects. This study found that aged people may experience an increase in their sense of confidence and accomplishment after completing successful tasks using the devices, but they may also experience frustration due to operational errors or their lack of skill. In this regard, a study on the improvement of the internal environment of digital device users should be conducted by considering elderly people’s fear of using devices and potential solutions to address this.