프램튼의 비판적 지역주의를 통해 살펴본 그라프톤 아키텍츠 건축의 특성에 관한 연구

Abstract

In the present era of rapid globalization, architecture with regional consideration has become more crucial to embrace the uniqueness of place, active social relationship, and eventually to bring back the humanity. Grafton Architects, who is awarded Pritzker Architecture Prize and RIBA gold medal, is known for their regionalism approach with understanding of place, context, and climate. In this study, based on critical regionalism concept advocated by architectural historian, Kenneth Frampton, it is intended to analyze Grafton Architects’ architectural characteristics, and to figure out how these characteristics were applied to their institutional projects. Critical regionalism is based on the dialectic relationship of architecture and the site. Frampton introduced three elements- place-form, natural elements and tectonic, and the tactile as fundamental concepts of critical regionalism. Grafton introduces their philosophy as ‘silent language that speaks’, which reads the uniqueness of the site and translates it into a built form. Also they propose the concept of ‘architecture as new geography’ which relates consideration of the environment, place, context, and pursuit of intimacy in space. They choose the method of carving, by which the building belongs to and becomes part of the earth, and strengthens the tactile experience of materials. By ‘threshold of architecture and city’ they intend to create boundary in which social relationship is introduced. Grafton’s ideas of the uniqueness of the site, architecture as new geography, carving, and threshold of architecture and city relate to the fundamental concepts of critical regionalism. Critical regionalism does not mean a particular style, but rather a general attitude toward architecture, and is essentially self-reflective and self-referential. It is assured through the study of Grafton’s works that their architecture philosophy shares the same attitude and ideal as that of Frampton’s critical regionalism. Study of critical regionalism and Grafton Arhcitects has significance in contemporary architecture which seeks the eligibility of co-existence of human, architecture, and the environment.